Regional levels of fear associated with Trump and Brexit votes, psychology study shows

Regions where voters have more neurotic personality traits were more likely to vote for Donald Trump in the United States or for the Brexit campaign in the United Kingdom, revealing a new trend that could help explain the rise of fearmongering populist political campaigns across the world, according to new research.

Mesothelioma: Why asbestos is so dangerous

Long, pointed asbestos fibers induce chronic inflammation, which can lead to cancer. Researchers have found underlying mechanisms for this and hope their results will help prevent damage.

How common is food insecurity among older adults?

Food insecurity occurs when people lack access to food or go hungry due to poverty or other challenges. It remains a serious problem for many older adults. Recently, a research team from the Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Colorado, designed a study to learn more about food insecurity and older adults. Their study was published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

Engineered cartilage template to heal broken bones

Researchers have designed a novel, hybrid hydrogel system to help address some of the challenges in repairing bone in the event of injury.

Having children can make women's telomeres seem 11 years older

Researchers found that women who have given birth have shorter telomeres than those who haven't. Telomeres are the end caps of DNA on our chromosomes, which help in DNA replication and get shorter over time. The length of telomeres has been associated with morbidity and mortality previously, but this is the first study to examine links with having children.

MicroRNA predicts and protects against severe lung disease in extremely premature infants

Researchers report discovery of a strong predictive biomarker for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and they show a role for the biomarker in the pathogenesis of this neonatal lung disease. These results open the path to possible future therapies to prevent or lessen BPD, which is marked by inflammation and impaired lung development, and mortality or morbidity.

Scientists discover a key function of ALS-linked protein

The protein FUS, whose mutation or disruption causes many cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), works as a central component of one of the most important regulatory systems in cells, according to a new study.

How does the brain's spatial map change when we change the shape of the room?

A new study explores the consequences of distorting the shape of the enclosing box on cognitive maps of space. The results detail how our cognitive maps adapt to changed environments and shed light on how distinct types of neurons may connect to form these maps.

Is your stress changing my brain?

Scientists have discovered that stress transmitted from others can change the brain in the same way as a real stress does.

Exercise may decrease heart drug's effectiveness

Health care experts are quick to remind us that a healthy lifestyle includes regular exercise. But what if certain, potentially life-saving medications don't perform as well during exercise?

New way found to defeat HIV latency

Researchers have found a mechanism for making HIV come out of hiding and become susceptible to anti-HIV drugs.

Uncovering the genetics of skeletal muscle growth and regeneration

To investigate the mechanism behind skeletal muscle growth and regeneration, researchers bombarded zebrafish with chemical mutagen and screened for larvae with defective skeletal muscle structure. Using genetic mapping, they found that zebrafish larvae with a mutation in DDX27 showed reduced muscle growth and impaired regeneration.

A lifetime of regular exercise slows down aging, study finds

A group of older people who have exercised all of their lives, were compared to a group of similarly aged adults and younger adults who do not exercise regularly. The results showed that those who have exercised regularly have defied the aging process, having the immunity, muscle mass, and cholesterol levels of a young person.

Gene knockout using new CRISPR tool makes mosquitoes highly resistant to malaria parasite

Deleting a single gene from mosquitoes can make them highly resistant to the malaria parasite and thus much less likely to transmit the parasite to humans, according to a new article.

Fiber-fermenting bacteria improve health of type 2 diabetes patients

The fight against type 2 diabetes may soon improve thanks to a pioneering high-fiber diet study.

City mouse-country mouse experiment shows link between environment, worm infections

Worm infections were worse in mice living outdoors versus the lab, providing evidence that environment influences how the immune system responds to pathogens.

Researchers call for large-scale scientific investigation into fake news

The indictment of 13 Russians in the operation of a "troll farm" that spread false information related to the 2016 U.S. presidential election has renewed the spotlight on the power of "fake news" to influence public opinion. Now, a professor who studies the spread of misinformation online is joining prominent legal scholars, social scientists and researchers in a global "call to action" in the fight against it.

The enemy within: Gut bacteria drive autoimmune disease

Bacteria found in the small intestines of mice and humans can travel to other organs and trigger an autoimmune response, according to a new study. The researchers also found that the autoimmune reaction can be suppressed with an antibiotic or vaccine designed to target the bacteria, they said.

Cueing newly learned information in sleep improves memory, and here's how

Scientists have long known that sleep is important to the formation and retention of new memories. Memory consolidation is associated with sudden bursts of oscillatory brain activity, called sleep spindles, which can be visualized and measured on an electroencephalogram (EEG). Now researchers have found that sleep spindles also play a role in strengthening new memories when newly learned information is played back to a person during sleep.

Exposure to childhood violence linked to psychiatric disorders

Investing in diminishing socioeconomic status inequalities and in preventing violent events during childhood may improve the mental health of youths from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. The results showed that having experienced any traumatic event and low socioeconomic status were associated with an internalizing disorder such as depression and anxiety and an externalizing disorder including attention-deficit hyperactivity.

Surprise finding could lead to new MS treatments

A discovery is providing hope of a new therapeutic target in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients that could one day be used to prevent the symptoms and progression of the disease. By removing a protein called calnexin in mice, researchers found the mice were provided with full protection from the mouse model of MS -- known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Decoy molecules target E. coli to treat UTI in mice

Researchers have designed sugar molecules that block E. coli bacteria from binding to urinary tissues, allowing the bacteria to be washed out of the urinary tract. The compounds represent a step toward treating UTIs without antibiotics.

Transmission risk of familial human prion diseases to mice

Familial human prion diseases are passed within families and are associated with 34 known prion protein mutations. To determine whether three of the unstudied mutations are transmissible, scientists exposed research mice to brain samples from three people who died from a familial prion disease. After observing the mice for about two years, they found two of the mutations, Y226X and G131V, are transmissible.

Scientists zero in on treatment for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Scientists have now shown a path to developing treatments for disease subtype CMT2D.

Improving birth outcomes one amino acid at a time

A simple dietary supplement (L-arginine) was found to improve birth outcomes, paving the way for future clinical trials to test this inexpensive and safe intervention.

Non-invasive brain stimulation improves gait impairment of Parkinson's disease patients

A new study suggests a novel way of treating the areas of the brain that apparently cause freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Supply bottleneck impairs nerve function

Impaired transport processes in neurons contribute to diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Scientists have now identified key actors in these processes.

How cellular structure orchestrates immunologic memory

With every infection or vaccination, memory cells form that the body uses to remember the pathogen. This has been known for decades -- but the structure of this cellular immunologic memory has previously proven impossible to pin down. Researchers have now identified a microanatomical region in memory cells that enables them to work rapidly in the first few hours of an immune response.

Memories can be decoded from brain waves during sleep, say researchers

Research has shown that the content of newly formed memories can be decoded from brain activity whilst people are asleep.

No progress seen in reducing antibiotics among outpatients

Despite public health campaigns aimed at reducing unnecessary prescriptions for antibiotics, the drugs continue to be prescribed at startlingly high rates in outpatient settings, according to a new study. The researchers found that 98 million outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were filled by 39 million people from 2013 to 2015. Moreover, the researchers found no decline in the overall antibiotic prescription rate during that time.

Inherited mutation leads to overproduction of erythropoietin in blood

A newly-discovered hereditary mutation is responsible for an increased production of erythropoietin (EPO) in the blood. This mutation causes a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is not normally involved in the formation of proteins to be reprogrammed so that it produces EPO, thus abnormally increasing the number of red blood cells.

Many adolescent and young adult cancer survivors have more social connections than peers

Survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer often have stronger social networks than their non-cancer peers, according to researchers, who hope to translate that support into better lives for the nation's growing population of cancer survivors.

New Rx for allergic contact dermatitis

Research has found a promising new treatment for allergic contact dermatitis that offers an alternative to corticosteroids and their possible side effects.

Serious asthma attacks reduced by temporary quadrupling of steroid inhaler, study finds

Serious asthma attacks in adults can be reduced by a temporary but significant increase in the dose of inhaled steroids during severe episodes of asthma, according to a new study.

New insights into why patients have a higher risk of heart attack in the morning

Heart disease patients have lower levels of an important family of protective molecules in their blood in the morning, which could be increasing risk of blood clots and heart attacks at those times, says early research.

Genetic origins of the two sexes

This new study punches a hole in the idea that increased genetic complexity of sex chromosomes accompanied the origin of sexes.

Enzyme ensures thick insulation

Researchers have revealed that Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system largely produce their own fatty acids in order to create electrical insulation for nerve fibers. This process relies on an enzyme whose absence leads to defective insulation and impaired motor function.

Air pollution linked to brain alterations and cognitive impairment in children

A new study performed in the Netherlands has linked exposure to residential air pollution during fetal life with brain abnormalities that may contribute to impaired cognitive function in school-age children. The study reports that the air pollution levels related to brain alterations were below those considered to be safe.

Bullying based on stigma has especially damaging effects

In a new study, two professors are looking at bullying based on stigma -- where one is treated unfairly or unjustly due to one's race, sexual orientation, gender, or other characteristic -- and examining the methods used to prevent this type of bullying and address it when it happens.

Researchers rescue embryos from brain defects by re-engineering cellular voltage patterns

Biologists have demonstrated for the first time that electrical patterns in the developing embryo can be predicted, mapped, and manipulated to prevent defects caused by harmful substances such as nicotine. The research suggests that targeting bioelectric states may be a new treatment modality for regenerative repair in brain development and disease, and that computational methods can be used to find effective repair strategies.

Got the message? Your brainwaves will tell

A new technique will allow for a more accurate diagnosis of patients who cannot actively participate in a speech understanding test because they're too young, for instance, or because they're in a coma. In the longer term, the method also holds potential for the development of smart hearing devices.

Algorithm shows differences between nurse, doctor care

A multidisciplinary team of researchers has published the first quantitative study on the divergent scopes of practice for nurses and doctors. The study uniquely leveraged computer science technology to compare individual-level patient care provided by nurses and doctors using information routinely documented in the electronic health record.

Sexual harassment, gender stereotypes prevalent among youth

Young women enrolled in high schools and colleges told researchers that people routinely make sexual comments, both in-person and online, about them and their bodies.

Watching others makes people overconfident in their own abilities

Watching YouTube videos, Instagram demos, and Facebook tutorials may make us feel as though we're acquiring all sorts of new skills but it probably won't make us experts, according to new research.

Combating childhood obesity by preventing 'fatty liver' in fetus

New research indicates that an obese pregnant mother and exposure to a high fat, high sugar diet during pregnancy produces a 'fatty liver' in the fetus, potentially predisposing children to obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders later in life.

More affordable way to make nanoparticles

A researcher is sharing his recipe for a new, more affordable way to make nanoparticles. This will empower any laboratory in the world to easily create similar nanoparticles and could lead to a whole new way of delivering biotherapeutic drugs and do it more quickly.

Link between BRCA1 and Ewing sarcoma

Scientists have discovered a surprising connection between a breast cancer protein, BRCA1, and a pediatric cancer called Ewing sarcoma.

Living in a sunnier climate as a child and young adult may reduce risk of MS

People who live in areas where they are exposed to more of the sun's rays, specifically UV-B rays, may be less likely to develop multiple sclerosis (MS) later in life, according to a new study. Exposure in childhood and young adulthood may also reduce risk.

Epilepsy: Biologists link protein, seizure suppression

Seizure suppression is the focus of an original research -- and they have the pictures to prove it. Their new work sheds new light on epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent, unprovoked seizures.

Optical tools to detect metabolic changes linked to disease

A team led by engineers has opened a window into the cell by developing an optical tool that can read metabolism at subcellular resolution, without having to perturb cells with contrast agents, or destroy them to conduct assays. The researchers were able to use the method to identify specific metabolic signatures that could arise in diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.

36 new genes implicated in cardiac disease

A professor has developed a new personalized method to discover genes implicated in complex diseases. One of the ultimate goals of the research is to create personalized therapeutic drugs to reverse heart disease.

Molecular imaging strategy for determining molecular classifications of NSCLC

Recent findings suggest a novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging approach determining epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status for improved lung cancer patient management.

Nervous system discovery could inform stroke, pain therapies

Scientists used advanced imaging techniques to ascertain the resting state of an acid-sensing ion channel. Acid-sensing ion channels are believed to play a role in pain sensation as well as psychiatric disorders. Scientists expect the basic science research will spur new research and development into therapeutic agents targeting the channel.

Birth of new neurons in the human hippocampus ends in childhood

One of the liveliest debates in neuroscience over the past half century surrounds whether the human brain renews itself by producing new neurons throughout life, and whether it may be possible to rejuvenate the brain by boosting its innate regenerative capacity.

New molecular target could help ease asthma

Researchers have shown that the protein vascular endothelial growth factor A -- or VEGFA -- plays a major role in the inflammation and airway obstruction associated with asthma. The finding may eventually lead to new asthma treatments targeting VEGFA.

We're not addicted to smartphones, we're addicted to social interaction

Mobile-device habits may not be anti-social, but rather hyper-social -- stemming from a healthy human need to socialize. This is the finding of a new review of the dysfunctional use of smart technology, which concludes that the most addictive smartphone functions all share a common theme: they tap into the human desire to connect with other people.

High-resolution brain imaging provides clues about memory loss in older adults

As we get older, it's not uncommon to experience 'senior moments,' in which we forget where we parked our car or call our children by the wrong names. And we may wonder: Are these memory lapses a normal part of aging, or do they signal the early stages of a severe disorder such as Alzheimer's disease? Currently, there's no good way to tell.

Slow-release hydrogel aids immunotherapy for cancer

An immunotherapy drug embedded in a slow-release hydrogel appears to be highly effective at killing cancer cells.

New prostate cancer risk model could better guide treatment

A new model could change treatment guidelines for nearly two-thirds of men with localized prostate cancer.

Discovery fills gap in search for better treatments for Ebola, other viruses

Researchers have found the Ebola polymerase (enzyme), which may lead to more effective research and better treatments for the often fatal infection, and other related viral diseases.

When sepsis patients face brain impairment, is gut bacteria to blame?

Halting the voyage of gut bacteria to the brain could help prevent harmful brain inflammation after a sepsis infection, a new study shows.

Weather satellites aid search and rescue capabilities

The same satellites that identify severe weather can help save you from it. NOAA's GOES series satellites carry a payload supported by NASA's Search and Rescue (SAR) office, which researches and develops technologies to help first responders locate people in distress worldwide, whether from a plane crash, a boating accident or other emergencies.

More realistic and accurate organs-on-chips

In a step toward better diagnosis and treatment of digestive conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, scientists report that they have developed a first-of-its-kind collagen-based membrane for use in microchips. The membrane is more natural than others that are available, and it could allow organs-on-chips to more accurately replicate how healthy intestinal cells become diseased and how they react to drug treatments.

Supportive colleagues could be the key to health and fairness at work

The attitudes and behaviors of colleagues towards people returning to work from sick leave can have a big impact on whether or not a worker feels they are fairly treated by their organization.

Applied math reveals the key to stopping norovirus lies -- literally -- in our own hands

From stately cruise ships to Olympic host cities, recent headline-grabbing outbreaks prove that norovirus, an incapacitating stomach bug, can strike anywhere and anytime. A new study uses mathematical modelling and data from real-world cruise ship outbreaks to find the best way of stopping the disease's spread. Their surprising results reveal that washing your hands is more effective than surface cleaning or even quarantine at breaking the chain of transmission.

Mapping the genome jungle: Unique animal traits could offer insight into human disease

An interdisciplinary team of scientists are using animals' unique traits to pinpoint regions of the human genome that might affect health.

Some teachers don't talk to anyone about violent incidents

One in five teachers who were the victims of physical or verbal violence at their schools didn't report the incidents to school administrators, according to a nationwide study. The results showed that significant minorities of teachers who experienced violence also didn't tell their colleagues (14 percent) or family (24 percent).

Why the latest shingles vaccine is more than 90 percent effective

A new study has shown how the body's immune system responds to the new shingles vaccine, Shingrix, making it more than 90 percent effective at protecting against the virus.

New drugs could help prevent hearing loss

Researchers have discovered that inhibiting an enzyme called cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) protects mice and rats from noise- or drug-induced hearing loss. The study suggests that CDK2 inhibitors prevent the death of inner ear cells, which has the potential to save the hearing of millions of people around the world.

Why people experience seasonal skin changes

A new study provides information that may help explain why many people experience eczema and dry skin in the winter.

Icelandic program seeks to eliminate HCV

A new Journal of Internal Medicine study describes an innovative program to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat in Iceland.

Warm showers and ball exercises may help women during childbirth

A new study demonstrates that during childbirth, women may benefit from warm showers, perineal exercises with a ball, or the combination of both strategies.

Feeling anxious? Blame the size of your waistline!

Anxiety is one of the most common mental health disorders, and it's more likely to affect women, especially middle-aged women. Although anxiety can be caused by many factors, a new study suggests that the amount of abdominal fat a woman has could increase her chances of developing anxiety.

Mapping a genetic risk

Clinicians and health researchers often look at gene mutation to predict whether a fetus is at risk for a birth defect, or a person is at risk of developing a disease, but these predictions are not always accurate. Researchers have discovered an important factor that changes our understanding of the relationship between gene mutations (genotype) and how they present in people (phenotype) that may, one day, help to improve this accuracy.

One-month worth of memory training results in 30 minutes

A significant part of working memory training effects is a result of a fast development of task-specific strategies during training, rather than an increase in working memory capacity.

Determining the cause of difficult-to-control mitochondrial diseases

A research group has discovered that the 'non-essential' amino acid taurine is important for protein translation in mitochondria and is involved in mitochondrial disease development. The group also discovered that a taurine-conjugated compound was able to ameliorate the symptoms of mitochondrial dysfunction through taurine-deficiency.

Signaling pathway involving the Golgi apparatus identified in cells with Huntington's disease

Working with cells grown in the lab, researchers have identified a biochemical pathway that allows a structure within cells, called the Golgi apparatus, to combat stress caused by free radicals and oxidants. The research team showed that this pathway can be activated by a drug called monensin, which is commonly used as an antibiotic in animal feed.

The brain's internal clock continually takes its temperature

Circuits in the brain act as an internal clock to tell us it is time to sleep and to control how long we then stay asleep. A new study in flies suggests a part of that clock constantly monitors changes in external temperature and integrates that information into the neural network controlling sleep.

Parents’ lives made more miserable by the ‘boomerang generation’ returning home

Adult children who return to live with their parents, the so-called ‘boomerang generation’, cause a significant decline in parents’ quality of life and well-being, according to new research.

Double disinfection treatment for safer drinking water

In spite of good progress in water hygiene during the recent decades, contaminated water still causes millions of diseases every year. Most of these diseases are caused by enteric viruses, and better water disinfection methods could help prevent discomfort and even save lives. A new study shows that a combined disinfection treatment with chlorine and UV radiation can be highly effective in water disinfection.

Yes! The brain can be trained to avoid dyslexia, study suggests

The ability of the brain to synchronize with the tone and intonation of speech influences how language is processed. Study results could help design more effective activities to train the brain in order to avoid future disorders such as dyslexia. Over the years, several neuro-scientific studies have shown that the auditory regions of the brain synchronize with external auditory stimuli. That is to say, the brain is able to naturally adjust the frequency of its brain waves with the oscillations or the rhythm of what it listens at each moment.

On the immortality of stem cells

Stem cells are considered to be immortal in culture and, therefore, of great interest for aging research. This immortality is regulated by increased proteostasis, which controls the quality of proteins. A team of researchers found a link between increased proteostasis and immortality of human embryonic stem cells.

Teen gamers have as many friends as non-gamers

Young digital gamers do not have fewer friends at school than their non-gamer peers, two new research articles from indicate.

Scientists help robots understand humans with 20 questions game idea

Information scientists have borrowed from the popular game "20 Questions," to make an important step towards helping robots maintain continuous and purposeful conversation with humans. They have developed an optimal strategy for asking a series of yes/no questions that rapidly achieves the best answer.

Depression, anxiety high in graduate students, survey shows

Graduate students are more than six times as likely to experience depression and anxiety as compared to the general population, according to a comprehensive survey of 2,279 individuals conducted via social media and direct email.

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